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A German Community Under American Occupation
$17.83
Book
This is the first comprehensive attempt to study the impact of American occupation upon a German community. By examining documentary sources and personal papers from the occupation period and interviewing a great many Germans and Americans directly associated with the military and civil administration of the town of Marburg, the author has written an illuminating case study of the occupation as a whole.
The study discloses several significant paradoxes: the effect of some military government policies necessarily doomed other military government policies to failure; military government encouraged decentralization and practiced centralization; the American democratization program encouraged and produced institutions and agencies that Germans used to undermine basic occupation policies; undemocratic methods were often used to promote a democratic ideal.
Perhaps the most important failure of the occupation authorities was their refusal to identify themselves with the German liberal and moderate forces that might have aided in the reconstruction of the kind of postwar Germany that the Americans sought to establish. These forces had an important stake in the results of the occupation, but no concessions or rewards were offered to obtain their active support. Instead, the occupation authorities chose to remain positively neutral during the struggle for power and status that liberals and moderates engaged in against leftists and Communists on the one hand, and conservatives, nationalists, and ex-Nazis on the other.
The author states that "The effect of American efforts was to disillusion the occupation's most loyal supporters and to bring forth people who disagreed with Americans about the extent and intent of denazification...; people who disagree with Americans about municipal and county government codes, the nature of the civil service, the structure and purpose of education, the proper political party organization and proper electoral procedures, the extent of industrial disarmament, the value of grass-roots political activities, and many other things."
Two striking conclusions emerge from the study. One is that American occupation policies fundamentally contradicted each other and thus were impossible to apply with any degree of success. The other is that in failing to achieve their stated objectives, Americans restored German self-respect at the expense of American policy and prestige.
Mr. Gimbel is Assistant Professor of History at Humbolt State College, California.
This is a reproduction edition from a scanned copy of the following original edition:
A German community under American occupation: Marburg, 1945-52
John Gimbel
ISBN 0804700613, 9780804700610
259 pages
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Antonio Gramsci and the Origins of Italian Communism
$20.86
Book
Originally published in 1969.
A founder of the Italian Communist Party in 1921 and its acknowledged leader at the time of his arrest by Mussolini’s police in 1926, Antonia Gramsci has lately been recognized as one of the most important Marxist theoreticians of the twentieth century. This is the first biography in English of this extraordinary man, and the only detailed analysis of his thought to appear outside Italy.
Although the book covers Gramsci’s entire life (he died in 1937), it emphasizes his activities and ideas during the two periods of his greatest creativity: as the leader in 1919-20 of the Ordine Nuovo movement in Turin, where his newspaper was one of the outstanding Marxist political and cultural journals of postwar Europe; and as the principal figure in the Italian Communist Party from his rise to leadership in 1923, through his difficulties with other party leaders and the Communist International, to the composition of his “Prison Notebooks” (1929-35).
Gramsci lavished all the hard-won wisdom of his political career on the “Prison Notebooks,” his last and greatest theoretical work. The present volume concludes with a discussion of Gramsci’s ultimate thoughts, as expressed in the Notebooks, on two questions that had always fascinated him – the nature and tasks of the political party, and the historical role of Italian intellectuals.
At original publication time, John M Cammett was Assistant Professor of History at Rutgers University.
This is a reproduction edition from a scanned copy:
Title Antonio Gramsci and the Origins of Italian Communism
Author John McKay Cammett
Publisher Stanford University Press, 1969
ISBN 0804701415
Length 306 pages
Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America
$29.23
Book
“This is the best book available on a very important topic. Bringing together an exciting blend of older and younger scholars, the volume presents a realistic assessment of the virtues and shortcomings of the recent democratization of Latin America. It sustains a remarkably consistent approach and an unusually high level of clarity; the essays are all well conceived and well written. No other book offers a comparative amount of information or the degree of sophistication present here.”
- Paul W. Drake, University of California, San Diego
This volume fills the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date portrait of parties and party systems in Latin America. It included chapters on all the large and medium-sized countries, as well as those smaller countries with older democratic traditions: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The book is framed by an Introduction that provides a theoretical and comparative conceptual map for charting Latin American party systems and a Conclusion that looks ahead to the challenges and trends for party building in the 1990’s.
The twelve country case studies address five analytical themes. First, though the primary focus is party politics since around 1980, each chapter explores the origins of party competition. The question of genesis is important not only in its own right, but also because the way parties and party systems originate frequently endows them with enduring features. Second, each chapter assesses the relative strength of parties as actors within the larger political system. In what ways are parties important or unimportant? If they are not leading actors within the political system, who are?
Third, the authors investigate the relationship between major parties and the state, revealing the extent to which parties are dependent on state resources to maintain power and win votes. Fourth, the contributions assess the importance of different electoral regimes for shaping broader patterns of party competition. Finally, and most important, the authors characterize the nature of the party system in each country-how institutionalized it is and how it can be classified.
Scott Mainwaring is Professor of Government and Fellow of the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Timothy R. Scully is Associate Professor of Government and Fellow of the Kellogg Institute at the University of Notre Dame.
This is a reproduction edition from a scanned copy of one of the following editions:
Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America
By Scott Mainwaring, Timothy R. Scully
Edition: unabridged
Published by Stanford University Press, 1995
ISBN 0804723052, 9780804723053 578 pages
Contents
INSTITUTIONALIZED PARTY SYSTEMS 5
Uruguay , Ecuador , Paraguay
The Life and Times of the Party System 37
proportional representation , electoral system , political parties
The Origins of Costa Ricas 72
neoliberal , oligarchy , PUSC
Reconstituting Party Politics in Chile 100
1992 municipal elections , Patricio Aylwin , Salvador Allende
Continuity and Change in the Uruguayan Party System 138
Uruguayan , Frente Amplio , Colorado parties
Party Strength and Weakness in Colombias Besieged Democracy 164
National Front , ANAPO , Conservative party
Political Parties and Democracy in Argentina 200
Peronist party , Buenos Aires , Carlos Menem
Parties and Political Reform in Mexico 249
Cuauhtemoc Cardenas , proportional representation , camarillas
The Case of Paraguay 298
Colorado party , ballotage , Alfredo Stroessner
Political Parties and the Problems of Democratic 323
APRA , Cambio 90 , Shining Path
Weak Parties Feckless Democracy 354
PMDB , PSDB , Brazilian Labor party
The Patrimonial Dynamics of Party Politics in Bolivia 399
Hernan Siles Zuazo , Jaime Paz Zamora , Victor Paz Estenssoro
Discord and Disconnection 434
Osvaldo Hurtado , Abdala Bucaram , Rodrigo Borja
Parties and Democracy in Latin AmericaDifferent 459
polyarchies , Jaime Paz Zamora , Alberto Fujimori
Notes 477
Quito , Buenos Aires , Giovanni Sartori
Index 553
