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The Psychobiological Program of the War Shipping Administration
$21.31
Book
In the midst of the problems and stress of wartime shipping, it has been a source of satisfaction to observe the experiments and progress in psychobiology growing from the intensive medical program of the War Shipping Administration.
Psychologists and psychiatrists, working together, have gained such a comprehensive understanding of the mental and emotional problems of the seagoing man that the program has had a potent influence throughout the entire Merchant Marine.
From the day a man applies at an enrolling office for training in the Maritime Service, he is affected by the psychobiological program. He is given preliminary personality screenings at an enrolling office, more elaborate study at the training station, and individual examination before each voyage throughout his wartime shipping career.
The mental health and the high morale of men who survive this careful selective process are maintained through a carefully planned program of orientation, of leadership training, and of group and individual therapy. Too much cannot be said for the part that psychobiology has played in bringing about a healthy, vigorous, and capable wartime Merchant Marine.
It is hoped that this book, compiled by men who have developed and carried on the program, will not only present new scientific approaches in the study of human behavior, but will also give us all a deeper understanding and insight into the character of the men of the Merchant Marine.
EDWARD MACAULEY, Captain, USN ret.
Acting Chairman, United States Maritime Commission
WASHINGTON DC,
March 1946
This is a reproduction edition from a scanned copy of the original Stanford University Press publication (ISBN: 0804740380)
ORIGIN OF THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PROGRAM OF 13
THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PROGRAM OF THE WAR SHIP 32
THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PROGRAM AT THE UNITED 61
THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PROGRAM AT THE UNITED 67
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MARITIME SERVICE 89
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MARITIME 101
A STUDY OF THE HARROWERERICKSON MULTIPLE 115
DISENROLLMENTS AND SURVIVAL PREDICTABILITY 135
LEADERSHIP TRAINING By Judd Marmor 235
A METHOD OF LEADERSHIP SELECTION 249
PSYCHOBIOLOGY FOR THE PURSERPHARMACISTS 255
THE TRAININGSTATION RECORDS AND POSTGRAD 263
STATISTICAL AND RELATED ADMINISTRATIVE PRO 283
THE PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL PROGRAM IN RETROSPECT 309
A MARITIME SERVICE INVENTORY 321
B A COURSE IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND LEADERSHIP 338
More
A STUDY OF 500 CONSECUTIVE TRAINEES IN 151
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE TRAINING OF 16
CHARACTERISTICS OF 500 ACTIVE WARTIME 173
LITERACY OF AMERICAN MERCHANT SEAMEN 197
CHARACTERISTICS OF 200 ACTIVE MERCHANT 203
CHARACTERISTICS OF 200 UNLICENSED AMERICAN 211
GROUP EDUCATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH 221
A SERVICE NEWSPAPER AS A MENTALHYGIENE 229
Benevenutus Grassus De Oculis: Eorumque Egritudininbus et Curis
$13.69
Book
The small volume by Benevenutus of Jerusalem should interest us because it was, in its various editions of script and print, for over five hundred years the most popular ophthalmic manual of the Middle Ages. We are acquainted with about forty texts of this important tractate – twenty-two manuscripts and about eighteen printed editions. Some of the former are incomplete, one is an mere fragment, and two others have been lost. As is the case with all ancient and medieval codices and printed books, there are very few copies of the Benevenutus texts in existence.
The position held by the Benevenutus treatise in the esteem of medieval surgeons was undoubtedly very high. It was to them a practical handbook of ophthalmic practice, written by the most famous oculist and cataract operator of his day; and from all points of view, popular and professional, it outranked the writings of Jesus Hali, Alcanamosali, Alkoatim, John de Peckham, or any other contemporary. A study of this monograph is, accordingly, indispensable to a proper understanding of the history of ophthalmology and its progress from the tenth to the twentieth centuries.
This is a reproduction edition from a scanned copy of the original work:
Title: Benevenutus Grass De Oculis, Eorumque Egritudinibus et Curis
Author: Benevenutus Grassus of Jerusalem, Casey W. Wood
Editor and Translator: Casey W. Wood
Publisher: Stanford University Press 1929
ISBN: 0804734984
Contents
TRANSLATORS PREFACE 3
THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CAREER OF BENEVENUTUS GRASSUS 13
DE OCULIS 22
I THE iNCIPIT OF THE FERRARA TEXT 27
II DESCRIPTION OF AND OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE EYE 28
iv ON CATARACT 31
v ON THE TREATMENT OF CATARACT 32
vi THE OPERATION FOR CATARACT 33
viI OF THE SECOND FORM OF WHITE CATARACT 36
iX OF THE FOURTH VARIETY OF CATARACT 37
X ON THE FIRST KIND OF INCURABLE CATARACT 38
XI ON THE SECOND VARIETY OF INCURABLE CATARACT 39
xiI ON THE THIRD FORM OF INCURABLE CATARACT 4O
niI ON OTHER AFFECTIONS OR ACCIDENTS PRURITUS PALPEBRARUM 40
xiv ON OPHTHALMIA 42
XV ON CALICO OR OBSCURITY OF THE EYES FOLLOWING OPHTHALMIA 44
XVI THE PANICULI OR FORMS OF GRANULAR CONJUNCTIV1TIS THE FIRST VARIETY 45
XVIII TREATMENT OF THE FIRST PANICULUs 46
XX ON THE SECOND FORM OF PANICULUs 47
XXI OF THE THIRD PANICULUs 48
XXII OF THE FOURTH PANICULUS AND ITS TREATMENT 50
PRINCIPLES OF HYGIENE
$18.67
Book
Don’t let your young sons and daughters head off to college without this 1930’s classic in tow…
This serial text on Informational Hygiene has been prepared in the hope that it will give the college student a basis for the formulation of rational, discriminating health judgments which will help exceptional youth condition itself for vigorous, enduring maturity; prepare him adequately for life-giving, health-producing, personality-building parenthood; equip him to meet successfully the logical life-saving and health conserving obligations that helpless infancy, dependent childhood, co-operating maturity, and weakening age must place upon adult competency ; train him constructively to be, for the far-reaching health betterment of society, the influential teacher that every college-trained person should be; and get him ready to satisfy the greater opportunities and the heavier consequent responsibilities for sane community health leadership that are imposed upon the few selected for the precious opportunity of a college training for citizenship.
This is a reproduction edition from a scan of the 1930 edition:
Title: Principles of Hygiene
Author: Thomas A. Storey
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 080473819X
Contents
OBJECTIVES 1
TISSUE CELL REQUIREMENTS 20
HEREDITY 35
NUTRITION 82
EXCRETION 130
PHYSICAL EXERCISE 152
PLAY 161
REST 183
CONTRIBUTORY CAUSES OF HEALTH 205
CONSTRUCTIVE HYGIENE APPLIED 217
SCOPE 227
HEREDITY Continued 249
HERITAGE 266
FOOD EXCESSES 282
HEALTH HAZARDS OF PLAY 302
INJURIOUS PHYSICAL AGENTS 313
MICROORGANISMS 335
PATHOGENIC METAZOA 354
UNKNOWN CAUSES OF DISEASE 358
DEFENSES 366
CARRIERS 382
INSECT CARRIERS 390
ANIMAL CARRIERS 396
SECONDARY CARRIERS 404
CONTRIBUTORY CAUSES 418
ACHIEVEMENTS AND FAILURES 443
A TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MORTALITY 451
B MORTALITY TABLES 457
INDEX 465
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Caring for Patients: A Critique of the Medical Model
$24.24
Book
“The late Allen Barbour, a master clinician-educator . . . has distilled 40 years of experience into a book that is both practical and scholarly. . . . A book to be read cover to cover by health care providers of all types, in training as well as midway through their careers. Were he alive today, Osler would be pleased to write the preface.”—Annals of Internal Medicine
“A legacy of Barbour’s 40-year career in teaching, scholarship, and patient care, Caring for Patients is an excellent read. The writing is crisp and lucid. . . . A gem of a book.”—New England Journal of Medicine
“A book to be read cover to cover by health care providers of all types, in training as well as midway through their careers. Were he alive today, Osler would be pleased to write the preface.”—Annals of Internal Medicine
"Caring For Patients" by Stanford physician Allen Barbour is an important medical book which addresses issues critical to routine medical practice. An uncommon treatise like this could shape the future of one's medical practice as well as the economics of medical care.
Barbour points out that experienced physicians have been trained to diagnose and treat organic disease although most patients seen in any given medical practice have illness caused by personal distress; many patients who come for help are not well accommodated by the biomedical system of diagnosis and treatment. Many diagnoses are deferred indefinitely, and evaluations are commonly extended and futile. A major component of the soaring costs of modern medical care, "high-tech" diagnostic procedures are often ordered when seeking a disease-based explanation for what are really unrecognized functional disorders. In the organ-based specialties, physicians rule out conditions instead of ruling them in, leading to both dilution of responsibility and collusive physician anonymity. The author recalls Eugene Stead's famous comment: "What this patient needs is a Doctor."
Barbour considers several common functional disorders worth listing because they are frequently misrecognized and misrepresented: anxiety, depression, fatigue, weakness, obesity, anorexia, impotence or anhedonia, disturbed sleep, headache, backache, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, bloating, abdominal pain, musculoskeletal chest pain, and chronic pelvic pain. Although 87% of all emotionally based illnesses manifest as "medical" symptoms, functional symptoms are evaluated for organic disease as though the opposite were true.
Emotional expressions are inherently physical: they have evolved to unify mind and body in a common purpose, and great overlap can be seen between functional and organic expression. In organic disease, biologic determinants predominate; however, long-term psychosocial aspects of human life are the factors which actually determine morbidity and mortality. Indeed, much disease results from attempts to control the forces which initially led to illness. Thus, for example, endocarditis may result from intravenously administered drugs used to feel better by someone who feels profoundly bad. That is the core problem. Barbour quotes Stead's comment: "If one doesn't know what is actually going on, then one doesn't really know how to handle it."
Commonly, each possible organic disease is ruled out before the physician considers functional disorder as the diagnosis. This practice is improper and destructive: both varieties of diagnosis should be considered from the outset. Psychosomatic disorders can be detected only as a result of positive diagnosis and not by default. Personal situations which correlate with increased morbidity and mortality from physical disease include degree of parental deprivation, quality of childhood experience, and quality of social support. The author references a 7000 person study in which middle-aged men with the fewest interpersonal connections had three times the mortality rate of a matching group with the most interpersonal connections.
Feelings are either expressed or suppressed; they cannot be obliterated through containment. If suppressed, they emerge either as physical symptoms or as unfocused emotional expression such as anxiety, depression, or other psychiatric syndromes. Because most emotionally distressed persons are only dimly aware of the source of their distress or are overwhelmed by it, their tension mounts until physical symptoms result or until anxiety or depression increase to a level triggering a psychiatric diagnosis. Indeed, unconscious suppression of emotions and failure to understand their link to symptoms is the rule in medicine: by focusing on symptoms instead of their underlying personal problems, people define themselves as sick and thus seek relief from doctors. Complaints about symptoms trigger the medical model.
In general, pain is usually and incorrectly thought to be primarily caused by organic disease. Barbour studied 400 consecutive Stanford University Medical Center outpatients and found that in 174 of them, pain was the dominant symptom. However, when these 174 patients were thoroughly evaluated, the pain was found to be due to psychophysiologic reaction in 28%, somatoform disorder in 39%, or organic disease in 33%.
As an example of the diverse origin of pain, the three most common causes of recurrent anterior chest pain are cardiac, esophageal, and psychogenic. Unfortunately, exclusion of a cardiac cause typically discourages further diagnostic or therapeutic steps from being taken. This practice is unsatisfactory from the patient's viewpoint because lack of diagnosis equates with lack of knowledge: if the doctor doesn't know what is going on (i.e., doesn't confidently apply a diagnostic term), why should the patient trust the doctor's opinion of what is not going on? This failure to resolve the problem is expensive, partly because it virtually assures future visits to find an answer. In a large study of patients in a headache clinic, for example, the dominant concern for 77% was explanation of their illness, not pain relief. Barbour elsewhere describes chronic backache as "an illness in search of a disease." In this regard, Barbour points out that CAT scans showed herniated nucleus pulposus in 10% of asymptomatic volunteers aged <40 years; 27% of asymptomatic volunteers aged 40 years, had a herniation. Chapter 13 includes interesting, scholarly, well-referenced discussions of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic abdominal pain, and various types of headache.
Because the biologic focus is currently so strong, depression has come to be viewed as a disease instead of a response to problems of the human condition. According to Barbour, the biology of depression is the resultnot the causeof feeling depressed. Genetic factors in major depression act not by initiating, but by accentuating intensity of the depressive response. Tricyclic antidepressants are not particularly specific: their effects occur at both ends of the anxiety-depression spectrum. Of little use in mild depression, they are often effective for reversing the biologic dysfunction of more advanced depression. In situations where antidepressants are not effective or are refused, physicians must contribute more time, energy, and personal commitment than most are willing to give. Sufficient time does exist, given the large amounts of time typically ultimately spent prescribing for symptoms one at a time instead of exploring central issues. (This phenomenon is easily observed from patient records.)
Barbour points out that in personal illness, outcome is determined by the physician's concept of care, i.e., whether care is limited to "ruling out" a particular condition or whether it expresses a more general concern for clinical judgment, helping, and healing. Unfortunately, efforts to understand the patient as a person are most often relegated to psychiatry, a field which itself seems to have abdicated that goal. This problem is compounded by patients who do not consider personal growth to be their responsibility.
Ultimately, how illness is explained to a patient is a pivotal issue determining subsequent events. In psychosomatic illness, it is always helpful to explain that the illness is a common response to distress and that the illness fortunately does not result from disease. Naming the illness is critical; an illness without a named diagnosis will not attract an adequate response from the patient. A useful explanation that the severity of stress-induced illness is often greater in irritable bowel syndrome than in cancer, that the pain of fibromyalgia typically is worse than in rheumatoid arthritis. Saying only that "nothing was found so it must be stress-related" is the mark of the therapeutically destitute and is doomed to failure because it fails to fully acknowledge that something is wrong. The crowning achievement for any clinician is to make the correct diagnosis and, with the patient, to reach an understanding of the underlying problem.
In selecting and abstracting some of Allen Barbour's words and ideas, I hope that I have done justice to "Caring For Patients." The entire book is highly readable, eruditely written, and meticulously referenced. This uncommon triad of qualities, combined with the author's extensive clinical experience, creates a work of great merit such as comes along once in a decade or longer. Although Dr. Barbour died just before its publication, his book carries the contemporary banner for ideas developed by George Engel, Richard Magraw, Michael Balint, and Walter Alvarez in their important, earlier books about the nature of a physician's work. Review by Vincent J. Felitti, M.D.
PLoS Genetics 24"x36"
$31.79
Poster
PLoS Genetics reflects the full breadth and interdisciplinary nature of genetics and genomics research by publishing outstanding original contributions in all areas of biology.
Notes On Nursing: What it is, and What it is not
$9.04
Book
THE following notes are by no means intended as a rule of thought by which nurses can teach themselves to nurse, still less as a manual to teach nurses to nurse. They are meant simply to give hints for thought to women who have personal charge of the health of others. Every woman, or at least almost every woman, in England has, at one time or another of her life, charge of the personal health of somebody, whether child or invalid,-in other words, every woman is a nurse. Every day sanitary knowledge, or the knowledge of nursing, or in other words, of how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will have no disease, or that it can recover from disease, takes a higher place. It is recognized as the knowledge which every one ought to have-distinct from medical knowledge, which only a profession can have.
If, then, every woman must, at some time or other of her life, become a nurse, i.e., have charge of somebody's health, how immense and how valuable would be the produce of her united experience if every woman would think how to nurse.
I do not pretend to teach her how, I ask her to teach herself,and for this purpose I venture to give her some hints.
Florence Nightingale
This is a wonderful reproduction edition of Nightingale's Notes. Please review the online preview to make sure it meets your expectations.
Images of Memorable Cases: 50 Years at the Bedside
$85.49
Book
Dedicated to "the resurrection and preservation of bedside medicine," and written by one of the nation's most prominent medical educators, Images of Memorable Cases... presents the reader with 154 medical patients, along with a picture (the book includes more than 200 color images) and the information that was given the original doctor when the patient arrived at the clinic or emergency room. The reader is challenged to look at the picture, read the information, and make a diagnosis before turning the page to see the correct diagnosis. Prominent physicians describe Images of Memorable Cases... as "the best medical book I've ever read," "a tour de force in a currently underutilized genre," "a truly marvelous collection of medical images that would be very hard to find in one place anywhere else," and "a beautifully illustrated book [that] should be required reading for all medical students and housestaff."
Dr. Herbert L. Fred is the author of more than 400 publications, including three books, providing philosophical insight into disease, the practice of medicine, the challenge of difficult diagnoses, and the exhilaration of true scholarship. Among his innumerable awards is a Presidential Citation given him by President Ronald Reagan in 1988. He is an emeritus member of the American Osler Society and has served on the editorial boards of numerous national medical journals. He is currently Professor of Medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Images of Memorable Cases: 50 Years at the Bedside
$68.22
Book
Dedicated to "the resurrection and preservation of bedside medicine," and written by one of the nation's most prominent medical educators, Images of Memorable Cases... presents the reader with 154 medical patients, along with a picture (the book includes more than 200 color images) and the information that was given the original doctor when the patient arrived at the clinic or emergency room. The reader is challenged to look at the picture, read the information, and make a diagnosis before turning the page to see the correct diagnosis. Prominent physicians describe Images of Memorable Cases... as "the best medical book I've ever read"; "a tour de force in a currently underutilized genre"; "a truly marvelous collection of medical images that would be very hard to find in one place anywhere else"; and "a beautifully illustrated book [that] should be required reading for all medical students and housestaff."
Dr. Herbert L. Fred is the author of more than 400 publications, including three books, providing philosophical insight into disease, the practice of medicine, the challenge of difficult diagnoses, and the exhilaration of true scholarship. Among his innumerable awards is a Presidential Citation given him by President Ronald Reagan in 1988. He is an emeritus member of the American Osler Society and has served on the editorial boards of numerous national medical journals. He is currently Professor of Medicine at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
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